First, avoid discharging water too early or not discharging cooling water. Before flameout, run at idle speed. When the temperature of cooling water drops below 60 ℃, the water is not hot, then turn off the engine and drain. If the cooling water is discharged too early, the body will shrink and crack when it is suddenly attacked by cold air at high temperature. The residual water in the body should be completely discharged when discharging, so as to avoid its freezing expansion and make the body burst.

二忌隨便選用燃油。冬季低溫使柴油的流動性變差，粘度增大，不易噴散，造成霧化不良，燃燒惡化，導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機組的動力性和經(jīng)濟性能下降。故冬季應(yīng)選用凝點低和發(fā)火性能好的輕柴油。一般要求柴油機的凝點應(yīng)低于本地當(dāng)前季節(jié)氣溫7-10℃。

Second, don't choose fuel at will. The low temperature in winter makes the fluidity of diesel worse, the viscosity increases, and it is not easy to spray, resulting in poor atomization and combustion deterioration, which leads to the decline of power performance and economic performance of the generator set. Therefore, light diesel with low freezing point and good ignition performance should be selected in winter. It is generally required that the freezing point of diesel engine should be 7-10 ℃ lower than the local minimum temperature in current season.

三忌用明火助燃起動。不能把空氣濾清器取下，用棉紗蘸上柴油點燃后做成引火物置于進氣管內(nèi)實行助燃啟動。這樣在啟動過程中，外界的含塵空氣就會不經(jīng)過濾而直接吸入氣缸內(nèi)，造成活塞、氣缸等零件的異常磨損，還會造成柴油機工作粗暴，損害機器。

Three taboos with open fire combustion starting. Do not remove the air filter, dip the cotton yarn with diesel oil to ignite it, then make a igniter and put it in the intake pipe to start combustion. In this way, during the start-up process, the outside dusty air will be directly inhaled into the cylinder without filtering, causing abnormal wear of piston, cylinder and other parts, and causing rough operation of diesel engine and damage to the machine.

四忌用明火烘烤油底殼。以免使油底殼內(nèi)的機油變質(zhì)，甚至燒焦，潤滑性能降低或完全喪失，從而加劇機器磨損。冬季應(yīng)選用低凝點的機油，啟動時可采用機外水浴加溫的方法來提高機油溫度。

Do not bake the oil pan with open fire. In order to avoid the deterioration of the oil in the oil pan, or even scorch, the lubrication performance is reduced or completely lost, thus aggravating the wear of the machine. The engine oil with low freezing point should be selected in winter, and the method of external water bath heating can be used to increase the engine oil temperature when starting.

五忌啟動方法不當(dāng)。冬季，有的人為能夠快速啟動發(fā)電機組，常采用無水啟動（先啟動，后加冷卻水）的非正常啟動方法。這種做法會對機器造成嚴重損害，應(yīng)禁止使用。

Five taboos: improper starting method. In winter, some people are able to start the generator set quickly, and often use the abnormal starting method without water (start first, then add cooling water). This method will cause serious damage to the machine and should be prohibited.

正確的預(yù)熱方法是：先將保溫被罩在水箱上，打開放水閥，向水箱內(nèi)連續(xù)注入60-70℃的清潔軟水，用手觸摸放水閥流出的水有燙手感覺時，再關(guān)閉放水閥，向水箱灌入90-100℃的清潔軟水，并搖轉(zhuǎn)曲軸，使各運動件得到適當(dāng)預(yù)先潤滑，然后再行啟動。

The correct preheating method is: first cover the heat preservation quilt on the water tank, open the drain valve, and continuously inject 60-70 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank. When the water flowing out of the drain valve feels hot, close the drain valve, and then pour 90-100 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank, and rotate the crankshaft to make the moving parts properly pre lubricated, and then start.

六忌低溫負荷作業(yè)。發(fā)電機組啟動著火后，有些人迫不及待地立即投入負荷作業(yè)。著火不久的發(fā)電機組，由于機體溫度低，機油粘度大，機油不易充入運動副的摩擦表面，會引起機器嚴重磨損。另外，柱塞彈簧、氣門彈簧和噴油器彈簧由于“冷脆”也容易斷裂。故冬季發(fā)電機組啟動著火后，應(yīng)以低中速空轉(zhuǎn)幾分鐘，等冷卻水溫度達到60℃時，再投入負荷作業(yè)。

Six avoid low temperature load operation. After the generator set started and caught fire, some people couldn't wait to put into load operation immediately. Because of the low temperature and high viscosity of the engine oil, it is not easy for the engine oil to fill into the friction surface of the moving pair, which will cause serious wear of the machine. In addition, plunger spring, valve spring and injector spring are easy to break due to "cold and brittle". Therefore, after the generator set starts up and catches fire in winter, it should idle for a few minutes at low and medium speed, and then put into load operation when the cooling water temperature reaches 60 ℃.

七忌不注意機體保溫。冬季氣溫低，容易使發(fā)電機組工作時冷卻過度。故保溫是冬季用好發(fā)電機組的關(guān)鍵。在北方地區(qū)，冬天使用的發(fā)電機組都應(yīng)配備保溫套和保溫簾等防寒設(shè)備。

Seven taboos do not pay attention to the body insulation. Because of the low temperature in winter, it is easy to over cool the generator set. Therefore, thermal insulation is the key to make good use of generator set in winter. In the northern region, the generator set used in winter should be equipped with insulation sleeve and curtain and other cold proof equipment.